Prior to 1995, the internet was a government program beginning in 1995, private corporations were given control of the technical infrastructure as well as process of granting IP addresses and domain names.The internet began in 1969 as an experimental project. The U.S department of defence wanted to develop a network that could withstand outages, such as caused by nuclear attacks. A principle goal was to create a system that could send messages. The objective of its founder was to create a network in which communication could continue even if parts of the network crashed. To achieve the objective, it was designed with no central computer or network. Thirty years ago, the concept of an internet was just an idea shared by a few scientists. The internet is truly democractic. It has no owner or executive who says how it should run. Everyone who uses the internet can show their opinion such as Internet Society(ISOC) set standards and manage the use of limited resources, such as domain names and e-mail addresses. The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks taht use the standard internet protocol suite(TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. The internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as inter-linked hypertext documents of the world wide web(www) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.
President Clinton using the funds from the Department of Commerce, encouraged the establishment of an international body called the internet corporation for assigning Numbers and Names(ICANN) that hopefully could better represent a wider range of countries and a broad range of interests and begin to address emerging public policy issues in the E-commerce period. ICANN was to be an internatinal self-governing body not another government agency. However, the explosive growth of Internet created a number of issues over which ICANN had no authority.Early internet advocates argued that Internet was different from previous technologies. The popular slogan was" Information wants to be free". In china, internet is controlled from government-owned centralized routers that direct traffic across their borders and within the Countries. This permits government to block access to U.S or European web sites. Also, all ISPS need a licence from the Ministry of information Industry and they are prohibited from disseminating any information that may harm the state or permit pornography, gambling or advocacy of cults in China. In United States, efforts to control media content have run up against equally powerful social and political that protect freedom of expression.
Today also there isn't any particular organization who exercises control over internet. It is still governed by volunteer groups who exercise control over Internet to some extent but there is no complete authority such as internet Activities(IAB), Internet Network Information center( InterNic), World Wide Web consortium(W3C).
No one governs the internet, the internet is a network which is spread globally. People around the world can communicate with each other using the internet. Many countries are playing active role in the development of the internet so that the countries can share resources for each other. Also, the internet is a wild and unruly place. The internet actually is tightly managed with regards to network allocation. When someone decided that each country should have 2-letter top-level domain then that was ICANN. ICANN is a regularlybody and it was created as a non-profit to take control away from the U.S government, which relinquished it voluntarily. IANN is the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. it was in the game before ICANN was created in late 1998. IANA overseas the real IP and domain name management as well as root-level DNS operations. IANA also manages IP delegation by assigning a set of numbers to Regional Internet Registries, or RIRS. These RIRS will delegate from their assigned IP addresses. There are ARIN(North America), APNIC( Asia and the pacific), RIPE NCC( Europe, central Asia, and the Middle East), LACNIC, AfriNIC.
There are the top-level domains(TLDS), such as . net, .com, and .org. ICANN will accredit certain companies to allow them to become registrars which mean they can sell domain names. The IETF is the internet Enginnerring Task Force. It develops internet standards and protocols , such as TCP. The IETF itself falls under the ISOC. The council of elders is a group of invited volunteers call Internet Architecture Board or the IAB. The IAB meets regularly to "bless" standards and allocate resources, like addresses.
References: Who Governs the Internet, from
Who Governs the Internet, from http://www.blurtit.com/q519278.html
Networking 101: Who Governs the Internet, from http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/tutorials/6543/1/
Who Governs the Internet, from http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/Internet/node25.html
History of the Internet, from http://www.msichicago.org/scrapbook/scrapbook_exhibits/commex/history.html
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